Given the potentially strong, adverse effects of measurement error and the possibility of minimizing these using Hidden Markov models (HMMs), the aim of this thesis ...

Figure 1 shows that individual measurement values hover around a mean value and the difference between the mean value and true value is the systematic error of ...

In this study, we investigated bias caused by spatial variability and spatial heterogeneity in outdoor air-pollutant concentrations, instrument imprecision, and choice of daily pollutant metric on ...

Measurement error in exposure assessment is unavoidable. Statistical methods to correct for such errors rely upon a valid error model, particularly regarding the ...

The analysis of electrical signals, otherwise known as signal analysis, is a fundamental challenge for virtually all electronic design engineers and scientists. While it provides valuable insight into ...