The apple tree (Malus spp.) produces round, edible fruits known as apples, and Malus domestica is the most widely grown species in orchards globally. With origins in Central Asia, where Malus sieversii still grows wild, apples have been cultivated across Eurasia for thousands of years before their introduction to North America by European colonists. Apples feature prominently in various cultural and religious mythologies. Due to the unpredictability of seed-grown apples, commercial cultivation r