How to recognize the signs of an asthma attack Asthma attacks occur when contact with airborne inflammatory triggers causes the airways to swell and narrow. Common causes Inflammation of the airways is most often due to external environmental factors. The most common include smoke, fumes or pollution, mold, pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or respiratory infections such as a cold or the flu. #Asthma attacks may also be triggered by sudden changes in temperature or by physical exercise. How to rec